How Quickly Bacteria Growth

How The Growth of Bacteria?

As stated on the the second laws of thermodynamics on physics that the universe disorder, or entropy can only grow. If go into the base order on the cell as the smaller part of the body this principle appear to contradiction to this principle, but actually do conform because they generate heat that increase the universe’s overall entropy.,

Given what the bacteria is made of, and given how rapidly bacteria can grow, what would be the minimum amount of heat that it would have to exhaust into its surrounding. If compare with the amount of heat it's actually exhausting, they're roughly on the same scale," says England, an assistant professor of physics. "It's relatively close to the maximum efficiency."

To calculate the minimum amount of heat a bacterium needs to generate during this process, scientist decided to investigate the thermodynamics of the reverse process -- that is, two cells becoming one. This is so unlikely that it will probably never happen. However, the likelihood of it happening can be estimated by aggregating the probabilities of reversing all of the smaller reactions that take place during replication.
One of the common reactions that occur during replication is formation of new peptide bonds, which form the backbone of proteins. Spontaneously reversing that type of reaction would take about 600 years, England says. The number of peptide bonds in a typical bacterium is about 1.6 billion, and the heat wattage needed to break all of those bonds is about 100 billion natural units.

By estimating the waiting time needed to observe a spontaneous reversal of replication, England calculated that the minimum amount of heat a bacterium needs to generate as it divides is a little more than one-sixth of the amount an E. coli cell actually produces during replication.

The finding suggests that bacteria could grow dramatically faster than they do now and still obey the second law of thermodynamics. England says that because cell replication is just one of the many tasks E. coli need to perform, it's unlikely they would evolve to their most efficient possible growth rate. However, for synthetic biology applications, it may be useful to create bacteria that can divide faster, which this paper shows is theoretically possible.

The paper may also offer some evidence for why DNA, and not RNA, evolved as the main form of genetic material, England says: DNA is more durable and doesn't spontaneously break its bonds as readily as RNA does. This means that RNA may have an advantage over DNA because it can grow faster and use up available resources. This supports a previously suggested hypothesis that RNA may have evolved first, before life arose on Earth, and DNA showed up later on.

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Bacterial Growth Graph

Bacterial Growth

Bacteria grow is liniar with the availability of food for bacteria. The grow of bacteria also depend on the availability of air, so on effluent system use aerator to make the oxygen needed for bacteria is fulfilled.

As on the graph below there is lag phase, in this phase bacteria have begun consuming food and start replicating exponentially. We can see on the graph red bacterial curve increasing and food availability decreasing in this phase.

Red Bacteria Curve

The availability of food continuous decrease and bacterial reproduction begin to slow, because more competition for food. The growth rate slowing on red bacteria curve connection with the less of food availability, bacteria begin to cluster and form floc.

The BOD indicator that bacteria food still available, higher BOD mean that food for bacteria still high. Most of bacteria have formed floc, some bacteria cells die and lyse open, releasing some BOD that can be consumed. Bacterial floc can settled out with leave a clearer effluent with little BOD behind.

Growth Requirement of Bacteria

The growth requirement of microorganism can be grouped on the basis of their need for oxygen to grow. Facultatively anaerobic bacteria can grow in high oxygen or low oxygen content and are among the more versatile bacteria, In contrast, structly anaerobic bacteria grow only in conditions where there is minimal or no oxygen present in the environment. Bacteria such as bacteroides found in the large bowel are examples of anaerobes. Strict aerobes only grow in the presence of significant quantitie of oxygen. Pseudomonas bacteria grwo under conditions of reduced oxygen and sometimes also require increased levels of carbon dioxide. Neisseria species (e.g. the cause of gonorrhea) are examples of micraerophilic bacteria.

Biochemical reactions: Clinical microbiology laboratories typically will identify a
pathogen in a clinical sample, purify the microorganism by plating a single colony of the
microorganism on a separate plate, and then perform a series of biochemical studies
that will identify the bacterial species.

Serologic systems: Selected antisera can be used to classify different bacterial
species. This may be based on either carbohydrate or protein antigens from the
bacterial cell wall or the capsular polysaccharide. (Group A streptococcal M proteins or
O and H polysaccharide antigens of salmonella).

Environmental Reservoirs: When considering likely pathogens it is also important to
know which of the different species are found in different locations. Environmental
reservoirs are generally divided into those that are endogenous (i.e., on or within the
human body) and exogenous (somewhere in the environment). When considering the
likely cause of an infection the likely source of the infection is important in your differential diagnosis. For example, an anaerobic organism resident in the large bowel is
the likely cause of an abdominal abscess that develops after large bowel surgery. A skin
rash developing in a hiker with a history of multiple tick bites is more likely to be borrelia, the agent of Lyme disease. An outbreak of food poisoning traced to imported
unpasteurized cheese might be due to listeria.

Endogenous reservoirs account for a large proportion of human infections. Many parts
of the body have their own normal flora. S. epidermidis is found on the skin. Viridans
streptococci are a part of the normal oropharyngeal flora and S. aureus is a commensal
of the anterior nares.

Bacteria and Fungi Growth

If we have sample like gelatine that mixed with sugar on petridish and lets them open to the air, then all microorganism on the air will grow up on that media. Bacteria and fungi will grow up on that media on petridish, but where is the strongest microorganism will grow on this petridish.

To observe this growth you can not always tell just by looking. Many bacteria and fungi cells will form nice small colonies with smooth round edges. Some fungi cells, for example, molds, will form colonies that are hairy, just like the mold you see on old bread. There are filamentous bacteria too, but if it were betting the odds, it would bet a fuzzy colony was fungi. If you can seen on the microscope, the bacteria cells will not have a nucleus, and the fungi cell will have.

Most bacteria produce round (though sometimes flat, wet like) colonies, whereas fungi produce colonies of irregular shape, often time star like or hairy. So there are many possibility of the microorganism that can grow on your media, its depend on the environment where your are trying out. If you stay on environment mushroom production, you will get more fungi grow on your media, while others many possibility can happen.

Bacteria Growth

Bacterial organisms are the most in number and more widespread than any other organism. Hundreds thousands of bacterial species that live on land and sea also in extreme places.

Bacteria have a beneficial but there are also harmful. Bacteria have characteristics that distinguish it with another living organism. Bacteria are organisms unicellular and prokaryotic and generally do not have chlorophyll and micro size (microscopic).

The characteristics of bacteria
Bacteria have characteristics that different with another organism such as:

1. Organisms multi-cellular
2. Prokaryote (do not have the core of the cell membrane)
3. Generally do not have chlorophyll
4. Body size that varies between 0.12 up to hundreds of micron size generally have an average of 1 s / d 5 micron.
5. Have varies form of body
6. Free living or parasitic
7. Who live in extreme environments such as hot water in the eyes, mouth or turf cells wall does not contain peptide
8. The cosmopolitan life in different environments cell wall contains peptide.

Structure of Bacteria
Structure divided into two bacteria, namely:

1. Basic structure (owned by nearly all types of bacteria), Include: cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosome, DNA, and storage granular
2. Additional structure (owned by a certain type of bacteria).

Includes capsule, flagellum, Piles, fibrin, chloroform, Vacuole gas and endosperm.

Bacteria Forms:
Basic form of the bacteria is made up of rounded form (cocus), rod (bacillus) and spiral (spirilia) and there is a form of cocus and basil called coco-bacillus.
Many forms of bacteria:

Coccus:

• Monococcus, the form of single cell bacteria coccus
• Diplococcus, the two bacterial cell unite
• Tetracoccus, the four bacterial coccus cells unite to form quadrangular.
• Sarkina the eight bacterial coccus cells unite to form cubes
• Streptococcus of more than four coccus cells unite to form chains.
• Stapilokokus of more than four coccus bacterial cells unite such as grape

Bacillus Bacteria:

• Mono bacillus, the form of single cell bacteria bacillus
• Diplobacillus the form of two-cell bacteria bacillus unite
• Streptobacillus that some bacteria cells unite establish germ like chain

Spirally Bacteria:

• The form of a spiral-wave cell
• Spirochete the form of cells, such as the screw
• Vibrato cells that form of punctuation such as commas