How Quickly Bacteria Growth

How The Growth of Bacteria?

As stated on the the second laws of thermodynamics on physics that the universe disorder, or entropy can only grow. If go into the base order on the cell as the smaller part of the body this principle appear to contradiction to this principle, but actually do conform because they generate heat that increase the universe’s overall entropy.,

Given what the bacteria is made of, and given how rapidly bacteria can grow, what would be the minimum amount of heat that it would have to exhaust into its surrounding. If compare with the amount of heat it's actually exhausting, they're roughly on the same scale," says England, an assistant professor of physics. "It's relatively close to the maximum efficiency."

To calculate the minimum amount of heat a bacterium needs to generate during this process, scientist decided to investigate the thermodynamics of the reverse process -- that is, two cells becoming one. This is so unlikely that it will probably never happen. However, the likelihood of it happening can be estimated by aggregating the probabilities of reversing all of the smaller reactions that take place during replication.
One of the common reactions that occur during replication is formation of new peptide bonds, which form the backbone of proteins. Spontaneously reversing that type of reaction would take about 600 years, England says. The number of peptide bonds in a typical bacterium is about 1.6 billion, and the heat wattage needed to break all of those bonds is about 100 billion natural units.

By estimating the waiting time needed to observe a spontaneous reversal of replication, England calculated that the minimum amount of heat a bacterium needs to generate as it divides is a little more than one-sixth of the amount an E. coli cell actually produces during replication.

The finding suggests that bacteria could grow dramatically faster than they do now and still obey the second law of thermodynamics. England says that because cell replication is just one of the many tasks E. coli need to perform, it's unlikely they would evolve to their most efficient possible growth rate. However, for synthetic biology applications, it may be useful to create bacteria that can divide faster, which this paper shows is theoretically possible.

The paper may also offer some evidence for why DNA, and not RNA, evolved as the main form of genetic material, England says: DNA is more durable and doesn't spontaneously break its bonds as readily as RNA does. This means that RNA may have an advantage over DNA because it can grow faster and use up available resources. This supports a previously suggested hypothesis that RNA may have evolved first, before life arose on Earth, and DNA showed up later on.

Look to this articles:

• Lyme Disease
• Bacteria in Fish Pond

Lyme Disease Medication

Lyme Diseases Symptom 

The first phase is early localized disease, which occurs three to 30 days after the tick bite that transmitted the infection. This stage is characterized by skin inflammation. Victim feel like erythema migrans, but only 70% of people who get Lyme disease feel this symptom. It starts at the site of the tick bite and expands over the next several days. It can eventually cover an area up to about 12 inches across. Some of the area may clear, giving the rash at times a bull's-eye appearance.

The next phase of the illness is the early disseminated stage, which occurs within days to weeks after the tick bite, there is spreading of the skin inflammation to other areas. Pain and swelling may feel in large joints, such as the knee joints. Other symptoms that can occur include palsy of the facial nerve, leading to loss of muscle tone on one or both sides of face.

The next phase will merge if the above condition is not being cured, a later stage of the illness, known as the late disseminated stage, may develop in the following months to years. Symptoms of this later stage can include intermittent attacks of arthritis, with joint swelling and pain. Neurological symptoms, such as numbness and tingling in the extremities, shooting pains, and short-term memory problems have also been reported in the later stages.

How to cure from Lyme Diseases

Lyme diseases medication can be optional method, this because of avoid from side effects are merge. To make sure the presence of side effect you must consultation to your doctor, to make any special precautions. If have any other question you can contact your doctor:

The optional medication of Lyme diseases include:

• Antibiotic
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

The kind of antibiotic usually use are:

• Doxycycline (Vibramycin and others)
• Amoxicilin (Amoxil and others)
• Cefuroxime (Crflin, Kefurox, Zinacef)
• Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

Possible side effect that probably merge such as:

• Abdominal pain or discomfort
• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Allergic reaction, including skin rash, swelling, and difficulties breathing
• Hypersensitivity to sunlight

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
The common names of nonsteroidal medicine such as:

• Ibuprotein (Advil, Genpril, Medipren, Motrin, Nuprin, Rufen)
• Naproxen sodium (Aleve, Anaprox, Naprosyn)

NSAIDs are like pain relievers, usually doctor give recipe this medicine if you have arthritis pain as complication of Lyme disease.
Side effect probable of using this medicine such as:

• Increased bleeding after surgery
• Headache
• Upset stomach
• Ulcers or gastrointestinal bleeding
• Flu like feeling
• Asthma or chest tightness

Bacterial Growth Graph

Bacterial Growth

Bacteria grow is liniar with the availability of food for bacteria. The grow of bacteria also depend on the availability of air, so on effluent system use aerator to make the oxygen needed for bacteria is fulfilled.

As on the graph below there is lag phase, in this phase bacteria have begun consuming food and start replicating exponentially. We can see on the graph red bacterial curve increasing and food availability decreasing in this phase.

Red Bacteria Curve

The availability of food continuous decrease and bacterial reproduction begin to slow, because more competition for food. The growth rate slowing on red bacteria curve connection with the less of food availability, bacteria begin to cluster and form floc.

The BOD indicator that bacteria food still available, higher BOD mean that food for bacteria still high. Most of bacteria have formed floc, some bacteria cells die and lyse open, releasing some BOD that can be consumed. Bacterial floc can settled out with leave a clearer effluent with little BOD behind.